This process refers to a scientific technique of investigation of lands under the earth for a particular area that can give lots of information about several facts like outcrops, landforms, the kind of soils and rocks, and many more. Usually conducted by experts, these surveys are geosciences, essential to have a complete knowledge about forthcoming natural hazards. The main aim is to develop a geological model that encompasses some extremely useful information like orientations of rocks, bedding planes, faults, boreholes and many more which helps the scientists to understand whether constructions are possible or the area is fit for extracting natural resources or not. These models being three dimensional, can give a deeper knowledge about geology so that further information may be fetched from them. The entire system being three dimensional, comprehensive understandings of the cross sections and contours can be made with a great flexibility to modify the structure.
Borehole drilling is a daunting task that cannot be conducted without the expert supervision from people experienced enough in the field. Whether it is as simple as a core drilling or geo technical or as complex as symmetric drilling which needs lots of dedication and skill, the job is undoubtedly a cumbersome one. The drilling needs to be done at a perfect depth ideal for the user, and thus there is a need of some special equipments without which it cannot be performed with perfection. Moreover the machineries that are used to drill the borehole impart a great logistics need because they need to be shipped onto the site by time and with no damages reported. There are government aided companies who can work on the same projects and sometimes help can be taken from private companies as well.
Drinking water is indespinsible for every human being and hence it is also essential to keep the source clean for obvious reasons. Several government as well as non government aided projects have been launched for rehabilitation of boreholes to supply uninterrupted supply of fresh water to every area. Several tasks like raising the outside wall, repairing it, inside wall cleaning and purification, arranging surroundings for less contamination, etc become a part of the project undertaken. Cleaning the pumps, pipes, removing obstructions, blowing compression air for cleaning, unclogging the strainers, form the rest of the tasks for complete borehole rehabilitation. Chemical treatment is also another option for the project team to accomplish the task. Few other chores include, overhauling manual pumps, clearing the environment, upgrading the knowledge of the users to maintain proper hygiene etc also makes a whole lot of difference.
Mining is a unit process through which one can gather several information about the earth and its structure to a great extent. There are various steps involved in it and requires a solid project team for conducting the same. Blasting the rocks to get inner information about them, knowing their composition and deposition of minerals and many more can be a nice way to understand what kind of construction would be ideally erected there. This also forms one of the biggest sources of information about the soil and thus can give an idea to the project team so that further decisions may be taken. Drilling for blasting is an age old method to know the basic structure of the rocks which may be conducted by top notch companies , either government sponsored or private undertaken, for better results for present and future.
Casing which is also known as setting pipe, runs across the water well, to protect it from all kinds of outside contamination as well as providing lots of support to the water structure for a considerable number of years. It is better if the project team responsible for casing can run the steel pipe inside a recently drilled well, which can be fabricated in different joints, for making it even more stronger. It is made stronger even more by filling the gap between the untreated sides and the casing with cement or casting, It can be as long as a 40 feet and can be screwed to make it even longer. However the procedure is surely a complex one and requires a solid project team to conduct the various tasks. The system make the well even more protective against any kind of environmental hazards and keeps the water healthier and fresh for a long period of time.
Testing of borehole pumps is carried out for mainly two reasons-either to check and figure out the potential of the borehole so that uninterrupted hydraulic performance may be obtained, or to check the potential of aquifer so that its hydraulic properties can be pointed out. So the process involves pumping the borehole at a particular predestined rate and checking the level of water. As these data collected are processed, useful information about certain hydraulic parameters can be understood by expert hydrogeologists who can then assess the condition of the aquifers or boreholes. Several other tests like constant rate test, step test, recovery tests etc can be also carried out after a basic calibration test that adjusts the pumping equipment at different level of discharges. All these tests are carried out to ensure that the water supplied from the boreholes are the best in quality and are free from any harmful chemicals like nitrates which is very poisonous for human beings.
Hand pumps are the most common sights in rural areas just after the water wells. They can be installed at a certain depth depending on the costs allotted for the projects. There is a need of expert team members to carry out the procedure as it is a scientific method where location of installation matters a lot. They must check out the right water supply or ways for that. Submersible pumps are ideal for pumping out water from 50 meters below the earth and with all safety protections for over voltage, over current and others, this happens to be a great alternative to conventional methods. Few advantages that it offers are covers no running costs, low maintenance, and can be installed in remote areas where only a grid supply can be managed.
Overhead tanks are essential to store liquids as simple as water apart from inflammable petroleum products, and hence the construction of the same needs to be done with precautions. Usually they are circular but it can take any shape depending on the requirement of the users or for aesthetic purpose. The chemical nature of the liquid stored will decide the kind of material that must be used to construct the overhead water tank. For the structural design it is essential to contact companies which specialize in erecting such specified tanks, which can be either private or even government sponsored. These tanks are supported by casings so that the liquid does not flow out on prolonged storage.
There are a lot of civil works needed for the construction and installation of water supply pipes but offcourse under expert supervision. Water supply pipes can be of any material depending on the need of the user and area of installation like steel, cast iron, PVC or even copper. The diameter can also be chosen as per need and also depending on the area to be covered. The casing must be done in a proper way for which civil works are needed so that no contamination is done and fresh water can be supplied to every household. There is a good team of expert civil engineers needed for the installation of water pipes since it is a cumbersome job and needs expertise and experience of all sorts.